sales

A sum of the goods and services sold by a company in a certain period, valued at valid sales prices.

sales activity

A sales and distribution document used to record information resulting from interaction with a customer or sales prospect.

The following types of sales activity are available in the standard system:

• Sales call
• Telephone call
• Sales letter

The sales activities can be accessed by office-based and field sales personnel and can be used for new sales activities. For example, a field sales employee can use the information from a telephone call to plan a sales call.

sales and administration costs

The costs arising from the company's sales and administrative activities.

Typically, these costs are recorded in Cost Center Accounting (CO-OM-CCA). They can be passed on to:

• The products (by means of overhead allocation)
• Profitability Analysis (by means of assessment)

Examples of such costs:

• Packaging costs
• Freight costs
• Administrative costs

sales and distribution document

A database document for displaying sales and distribution transactions.

Sales and distribution documents consist of a document header and any number of items:

Sales and distribution documents distinguish between the following:

• Sales documents
• Shipping documents

sales area

A combination of sales organization, distribution channel, and division.

sales area bundling

The common usage of several divisions or distribution channels in business partner master data.

If a sales area is bundled, that means that the same sales data for a business partner is valid for more than one division or distribution channel.

sales deal

An agreement for a limited period to promote sales of a product or product group in a promotion.

A sales deal contains a discount or special terms of delivery.

sales deduction account

An account to which surcharges and discounts are posted.

sales district

A geographical sales district or sales region.

You can assign customers to a sales district and use the sales district to generate sales statistics.

sales document

A database document that represents a business transaction in the sales department.

A sales document consists of a document header with data applicable to the whole document, as well as any number of document items, with data regarding goods or services required by the customer.

Types of sales document types include:

• Inquiry
• Quotation
• Sales order
• Outline agreement (contracts and scheduling agreements)
• Complaints (returns, credit memo requests and debit memo requests)

sales document category

One of a set of classes used to control how the system processes a sales document in the sales and distribution component module.

Sales document categories include:

• Inquiries and quotations
• Sales orders
• Outline agreements

A sales document category is made up of several sales document types. For example, the category "sales order" includes sales document types: standard order (OR), cash sales (BV), or rush order (SO).

sales document item

An item in a sales document.

The sales document can be a customer inquiry, a quotation, or a sales order.

If the sales document item carries costs and revenues, it can function as a cost object in the Product Cost by Sales Order component.

sales document type

An indicator for controlling the sales documents defined in the system that allows the system to process different business transactions in different ways.

The standard version of the SAP System includes pre-defined sales document types or you can also define your own. Three examples of sales document types are:

• Inquiry (IN)
• Quotation (QT)
• Standard order (OR)

Sales document types are grouped into processing groups (sales document categories).

sales effectivity

A property of a posting key that is used to update sales with a customer or vendor.

sales employee

A superordinate term for employees in sales and distribution or the sales and distribution department of a company.

sales equalization tax

A tax that is posted in some countries in addition to output tax.

It is calculated by the vendor and charged to customers who are exempt from tax on sales and purchases.

Sales equalization tax is paid to the tax office by the vendor.

sales group

A organizational unit that performs and is responsible for sales transactions.

sales office

A organizational unit in a geographical area of a sales organization.

A sales office establishes contact between the firm and the regional market.

sales office

The office or agency of a travel service provider.

The sales office has access to the Amadeus System and is identified using an office ID specified by Amadeus.

sales office determination

Assignment of a sales office to specific employees or user groupings.

The assignment takes place using Characteristic TRVOF, whereby specific fields from the organizational assignment infotypes (0001) and the user record are included as valid fields for making the assignment decisions.

The characteristic TRVOF controls which sales office and technical access parameters (reservation system, logical system and RFC destination) are used for booking travel plans belonging to a particular user or employee.

sales order

A request for a customer-related service including a quotation for such a service.

sales order

A customer request to the company for delivery of goods or services at a certain time.

The request is received by a sales area, that is then responsible for fulfilling the contract.

sales order costing

A method of costing that valuates the items in a sales order.

You can also cost the items in inquiries and quotations.

sales order item that carries costs and revenues

A sales order item that is used as a cost object.

When a sales order item is the cost object, you use the functions of Product Cost by Sales Order.

sales organization

A organizational unit in Logistics that structures the company according to its sales requirements.

A sales organization is responsible for selling materials and services.

sales plan

The specification of sales quantities for future periods.

The sales plan specifies how many units of each finished product or of each product group a company aims to sell.

The sales plan is the starting point for demand management and master production scheduling.

sales price

A price at which a material is offered to the customer.

sales promotion

A document in Sales Support used to inform customers or sales prospects of marketing activities and events such as the launch of a new product or a trade fair.

A sales promotion can be a list of addresses used as a worklist (sales promotion type: collectively generated sales activities). A sales promotion can be used to manage direct mailing campaigns (sales promotion type: direct mailing campaign). In this case, it consists of a list of addresses, a letter, enclosures.

sales relevance

A property of a posting key that updates the sales figures with a customer or vendor.

sales representative

The party responsible for sales support and sales in a specific tasks area such as customer circle, product and region.

A sales representative can be employed externally (mobile) or internally.

sales support

A component in the SD SAP System that assists employees in sales and distribution and marketing with all activities in the areas of business development and customer service.

The sales support component lets the user obtain and use data relevant for sales and distribution on customers, sales prospects, contact persons, competitors, and their products.

sales unit

A unit of measure in which a material is sold.

Several sales units of measure can be defined for one material.

A conversion factor allows the system to refer to the base unit of measure.

sales-order-related production

A type of production in which a product is manufactured specially for a specific customer.

Sales-order-related production has two subcategories: mass production based on sales orders, and complex make-to-order production.

If you use sales order-related production, you can choose to work with a valuated or an unvaluated sales order stock:

• With a valuated sales order stock, all goods movements are reflected by inventory postings in Financial Accounting.
• With an unvaluated sales order stock, you determine the inventory value at the end of the period using results analysis.

The following cost management approaches are available in sales-order-related production, depending on the type of business processing involved:

• Cost management at the level of individual sales document items (Product Cost by Sales Order)
• Cost management at the level of orders (Product Cost by Order) or periods (Product Cost by Period)

sample

A piece, segment, portion, or prototype of a product used for testing ordemonstration.

In international commerce, samples are duty free and brought into a customs territory at the cost of the exporter.

sample account

A special master record that enables you to predefine values for the entry of company code-specific data in G/L account master records.

You must also define data transfer rules to determine how the values are transferred from the sample account.

sample document

A special type of reference document.

Data from this document is used to create default entries on the accounting document entry screen.

Unlike an accounting document, a sample document does not update transaction figures, but merely serves as a data source for an accounting document.

sample master record

An example of a master record that serves as an input aid for configuring other master records.

sample-based physical inventory

The counting or measuring of a small part of the stock (sample) that is representative of the entire stock.

The sample to be inventoried is determined on a mathematical-statistical basis. A physical inventory count and an inventory adjustment posting are performed for the items in the sample. Based on the inventory adjustment posting, an extrapolation provides an estimated value for the entire stock. If the extrapolation is successful, it is assumed that the book inventory is correct.

sample-based-physical-inventory profile

A mechanism for setting parameters for a sample-based physical inventory.

To simplify parameter setting when you create a sample-based physical inventory, frequently used parameters are recorded in sample-based-physical-inventory profiles.

When you set up a sample-based physical inventory, each parameter defaults to the value defined in the profile.

sampling area

A quantity of stock management units of a sample-based physical inventory, of which only a selection must be counted.

Representative elements are selected at random from the elements in the sampling area. These elements are then counted. Based on the count results, an extrapolation is performed. The result applies to the entire sampling area.

sanctioned party list

An official list of individuals or organizations that are denied certain trade privileges or with whom trade is banned.

Sanctions can include the denial of a party the benefit of export licenses, loans, government bonds, or funds. They can include the restriction of services such as assistance in the import or export of goods, or sale of goods to a particular government.

sanctioned party list screening

A checking of individuals or organizations in an SAP document against the sanctioned party list (denied persons list) to determine whether they have been denied trade privileges.

save as complete

A function that creates an invoice document in document parking and saves the data to the database.

Before saving the data, the system performs consistency checks. If errors occur, the system does not save the data, but presents it for correction.

You can use "Save as complete" if:

• No more changes will be made to the invoice document.
• The balance of the invoice document is zero.
• The invoice document is to be flagged for posting, but is not to be posted yet.
• The following updates take place:
• Document changes
• Informative PO history
• Data for advance tax returns
• Index for duplicate invoice check
• Vendor open items
• PO commitments
• CO documents

You can change, delete, and post invoice documents that have been saved as complete.

savings made in the cost of living

The cost of living savings are calculated at 20% of the actual expenses for meals.

They are needed to calculate the additional expenses for meals.

scale base type

A code that defines how the system interprets the pricing scale of a condition.

Depending on the scale base type, the scale can be a value, quantity, weight, or volume scale.

scale base value

A value or quantity that the system uses to access a scale to determine a scale level.

The scale base value can be the value or quantity that has been entered in the document.

scale rate

The rate defined for a level of a scale in a condition record.

The scale rate is used in pricing in combination with the scale value to calculate the condition value for a document item.

Example:

• Condition record: PR00
• From the scale value 10 pieces, the scale rate is 12 USD for each piece
• As from the scale value 10 pieces, the scale rate is 10 USD for each piece
• During pricing for a sales order item with the quantity 11 pieces, the price is calculated as follows:
• Scale value: 11 pieces
• Scale rate: 10 USD for each piece
• Condition value = 11 pcs * 10 USD = 110 USD

scale type

A key that defines whether the specified scale values represent the minimum or the maximum value for the price, discount, or surcharge.

Scale types are:

• From-scale
• To-scale

With from-scale, the specified scale price, discount, or surcharge applies if a particular value or quantity is reached or exceeded. For example, a discount of x amount is granted if 10 or more pieces are ordered.

scale unit

A unit of measure to which a quantity scale refers.

scale value

A value in a scale from which a price, surcharge, discount, or other condition is granted.

Example:

For more than 10 pieces, a discount of 5% is granted. The 10 pieces are referred to as a scale value. The 5% is the scale rate.

schedule line

The division of an item in a sales document according to date and quantitiy.

For example, if the total quantity of an item can only be delivered in four partial deliveries, the system creates four schedule lines and determines the appropriate quantities and delivery dates for each schedule line.

schedule line category

An indicator that allows each schedule line to be controlled differently.

The schedule line category influences how such functions as inventory management, material requirements planning and availability check are performed for each schedule line.

schedule line in purchasing document

A line of a time schedule for the successive delivery of parts of the total quantity of a material included as an item of a purchasing document (such as a purchase requisition, purchase order, or scheduling agreement).

A schedule line specifies the quantity to be delivered, the date, and time of delivery.

schedule line type

The following schedule line types are possible in delivery schedules created under scheduling agreements: backlog, immediate requirement, and forecast.

Examples of schedule line types

You purchase the material Steel 01 from Miller Corp. using a scheduling agreement previously set up with this vendor.

BACKLOG

Your scheduling agreement release dated 05.20 contains the following schedule lines:

Date Quantity

05.20.1999 10 kg

05.21.1999 20 kg

Since today is 05.21.1999 and your vendor did not deliver the quantity required on 05.20, the latter quantity represents a backlog, a past-due requirement.

IMMEDIATE REQUIREMENT

According to the current overall delivery schedule for the scheduling agreement, instead of the 20 kg shown in the last SA release, you require 200 kg of Steel 01 today. You create a schedule line for 180 kg for transmission to the vendor.

Because you have not transmitted this additional requirement to the vendor, the 180 kg represents an immediate requirement.

The remaining 20 kg constitute a backlog.

FORECAST

According to the current overall delivery schedule for the scheduling agreement, you need 300 kg of Steel 01 on each of the dates 05.22, 05.25, and 05.28.

Because today is 05.21 and the dates on which these quantities are required are in the future, the schedule line type in these cases is "forecast" - that is, these are anticipated future requirements.

scheduled activity

The quantity of a specific activity planned as input at the receivers.

scheduling agreement

An outline agreement against which materials are procured at a series of predefined points in time over a certain period.

scheduling agreement delivery schedule

Timescale for the successive delivery of parts of the total quantity of a material included as an item of a scheduling agreement (a form of "outline agreement" or longer-term purchasing arrangement).

Such schedules are sometimes called "rolling schedules" because they are periodically updated.

scheduling agreement release

A document used by a customer to request (or indicate his intention to request) delivery by the vendor of part of the total quantity of materials stipulated in a scheduling agreement.

The following scheduling agreement releases are defined in the SAP System:

• Forecast delivery schedule (FRC schedule)
• JIT delivery schedule (JIT schedule)

If you use both JIT schedules and forecast schedules, the former are the ones against which deliveries are actually to be effected, the latter being a more tentative indication of likely future requirements.

If you use forecast schedules only, these are then the schedules against which the vendor is actually to deliver.

The terminology used in the Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) is slightly different to that used in the standard system:

The "operative delivery schedule" (APO) corresponds to the "JIT schedule" (standard), and the "forecast/planning schedule" (APO) corresponds to the "forecast delivery schedule" (standard).

scheduling agreement release

A document sent in by the customer to request delivery from the component supplier of a portion of the total quantity of materials defined in the scheduling agreement.

The following scheduling agreement releases are defined in the SAP system:

• Forecast delivery schedule
• Just-in-time (JIT) delivery schedule
• Sequenced delivery schedule
• Planning delivery schedule

scheduling agreement release schedule line

A line in the delivery schedule of a scheduling agreement release that is transmitted to the vendor.

SAP distinguishes between an SA release schedule line that is generated when the release is created, and a schedule line in the overall delivery schedule for the scheduling agreement generated through requirements planning.

When creating an SA release, you can use the creation profile to establish whether:

• Quantities and dates of the overall scheduling agreement delivery schedule are to correspond to the SA release schedule lines
• Quantities and dates of the overall scheduling agreement delivery schedule are to be consolidated (aggregated) when SA release schedule lines are created

scheduling agreement schedule line

A line of a time schedule for the successive delivery of parts of the total quantity of a material included as an item of a scheduling agreement (a form of "outline agreement," or long-term purchasing arrangement).

Such a schedule line specifies the quantity to be delivered and the delivery time-spot.

scheduling agreement with release

A scheduling agreement for the customer purchasing order and for which individual forecast delivery schedules or JIT delivery schedules come from the customer by fax or by computer at a specific time.

score

The result of the computation of performance data in respect of main or subcriteria for vendor evaluation purposes.

In vendor evaluation, a vendor's overall score is determined as follows:

The system multiplies the scores attained in respect of the main criteria by user-defined weighting factors expressed as percentages. The results are added together and the sum then divided by the number of main criteria. This figure is then divided by the maximum weighting factor. The result is the vendor's overall score.

scoring method

In vendor evaluation, a way of determining scores for subcriteria.

Scoring methods include:

• Manual method

The user enters a vendor's score for a subcriterion. The system takes this score into account in computing the score for the relevant main criterion.

• Semi-automatic method

There are two possibilities. The user enters:

• Several scores for a subcriterion relating to various materials at info record level, or
• Scores for quality and timelines of service performance at the time of service entry

From these, the system computes the score awarded to the vendor for the subcriterion.

• Automatic method

The user enters nothing. The system computes the score for the subcriterion from data entered by another department in the enterprise (from data entered by the goods receiving department, for example).

scoring range

A scale ranging from the lowest to the highest score a vendor can attain.

You need a scoring range to compare a vendor's performance with the performance of other vendors.

You can define the scoring range yourself.

scrap value

A part of an asset's value that is not depreciated.

You can use one of these methods for scrap value (memo value):

• Deduct the scrap value from the base depreciation value before the start of depreciation calculation.
• Define the scrap value as a fixed value at which depreciation is stopped (cutoff value).

You define the scrap value either as a set amount or as a percentage of APC (acquisition and production costs).

scrap variance

The value of the unplanned scrap quantities.

The scrap variance is calculated by valuating the unplanned scrap quantities with the target costs less the planned scrap costs. The unplanned scrap quantity is the difference between an operation's actual scrap quantity and its target scrap quantity.

scrapping

A posting in the inventory management system made if a material can no longer be used.

This occurs, for example, if a material has deteriorated in quality or become obsolete because it has been in storage too long.

Both the intentional and unintentional destruction of a material must also be posted in the system as "scrapping."

screen layout rule

A group of settings that specifies:

• The fields that are displayed during master data maintenance
• Whether these are required entry fields or not optional entry fields.

screen variant

A determinant of the entry fields that are displayed during entry of the following actual data:

• Manual cost repostings
• Manual revenue repostings
• Direct activity allocations
• Statistical key figures
• Manual cost allocation

screen variant

An object that determines the input fields that are displayed on a data entry screen (for example, during fast entry of documents).

secondary compensating products

A product in the category of inward and outward processing or another item not included in primary customs processing.

secondary cost element

A cost element that is used to allocate costs for internal activities.

Secondary cost elements do not correspond to any G/L account in Financial Accounting. They are used only in Controlling and consequently cannot be defined in FI as an account.

secondary costs

The cost elements that represent the activity values produced during internal cost allocations.

secondary fixed cost variance

The difference between the fixed plan costs and the fixed target costs.

This occurs only when activity-dependent activity inputs are made for a cost center or business process. A portion of the fixed target costs (variable target quantity x fixed price) varies with the operating rate.

second-stage dealer

A dealer, in India, who trades in goods obtained from first-stage dealers.

Second-stage dealers do not trade directly with manufacturers.

section

An independent block within a report definition.

A section consists of one or more physical rows and columns, which form a logical unit within a Report Painter report.

section code

A system object, representing a combination of local tax office and regional tax office, as used in South Korea.

When you post a withholding tax item, you enter a section code. This information instructs the system which district tax office the income tax is payable to, and which local tax office the the inhabitant tax is payable to.

segment adjustment

An adjustment of postings from previously closed periods in a period that is still open.

A segment adjustment can be:

• A reversal of a segment
• A reversal of a segment followed by a segment rebook

segment rebook

An occurance after a segment has been reversed to adjust postings made in previously closed periods.

A segment rebook makes a new allocation for segments of a cycle in actual assessment or actual distribution in periods that are already closed. However, the adjusted results are posted in the current period, not in the period already closed.

segment reversal

Reverses cycle segments from actual assessment or distribution for postings made in periods that have already been closed. The posting is made in a correction period that has not been closed.

selected item

The definition of selected financial statement items enables the SAP System to determine FS items when generating postings.

Selected items are assigned to classification keys, up to three characters in length.

selection variant

A tool used to select the master data of the following objects:

• Cost elements
• Cost centers
• Activity types
• Business processes
• Orders
• Work breakdown structure elements

One or more master data attributes are used in the selection process.

You enter the selection criteria only once. The master data of the selected objects can be accessed using the selection variant.

self invoice

In Spain, a document that you must generate after posting acquisition tax in a standard vendor invoice.

In Spanish, the self invoice is known as documento equivalente.

selling country

A country in which merchandise is sold for export.

sender-fixed costs

The actual costs that are split according to target costs and target quantities.

The costs are already fixed at the senders and remain fixed for that reason.

serial number

The number assigned, in India, to an entry in either of the excise registers RG 23A or RG 23C.

The entries in the registers are numbered consecutively.

service

An intangible good that is the subject of business activity and that can be performed internally or procured externally (outsourced).

Services are regarded as consumed at the time of performance. They cannot be stored or transported.

Examples of services include construction work, janitorial and cleaning services, and legal services.

service cost center

The cost center that supports other cost centers in the performance of their activities.

service description

A text defining a service to be procured.

A service item is entered in a set of service specifications for each individual service or task to be performed.

service entry sheet

A list of services performed by a vendor on the basis of a purchase order, containing service descriptions and details of quantities and values.

The descriptions of planned services deriving from the purchase order are used as default descriptions in the service entry sheet. Unplanned services that were entered in the purchase order without descriptions using value limits are precisely specified in the entry sheet.

service item

A line in a set of service specifications uniquely identifying a service that is to be procured.

service master

A repository for the descriptions of all services that a firm frequently procures.

There is a service master record for each service description.

The service master database is a source of default data set by the system when you create service specifications (for example, for invitations to bid sent to potential subcontractors during a competitive bidding process).

service number

A key uniquely identifying a service.

A service number can be the number of a service master record or a standard service catalog number (SSC no.).

service product

A material that represents a customer's repair request.

The service product is represented in the system by a material master record. Service products are measured in the unit of measure "piece." You can define the service product as a configurable or configured material.

The service product is used to determine:

• What services the customer pays for
• How much the services cost
• Which tasks are required to perform the services

service specifications

A list and description of services procured externally.

Sets of service specifications include service items with detailed descriptions and/or items with value limits for unplanned services.

For bid solicitation purposes, you enter service specifications in requests for quotation (RFQs). If the work is to be awarded directly to a bidder, you enter the service descriptions in a purchase order (PO). If your enterprise has long-term business relations with suppliers or contractors, you can enter specifications in contracts. You do not need to enter the service descriptions manually - they can be copied from the service master or from existing specifications.

serviceable material

Material that is the subject of an action in repairs processing.

For example, serviceable materials can be:

• Goods to repair
• Goods to scrap
• Replacements for faulty goods

set

An ordered group of elements of the same type.

FI-LC employs sets for numerous areas, such as data input, currency translation, intercompany eliminations, and reports.

The following types of elements can occur:

• Financial statement items
• Transaction types
• Trading partners
• Currencies
• Years of acquisition

set

An object that groups specific values or ranges of values under a set name.

The set values reside within one or more dimensions of a database table.

The following set types are used:

• Basic sets
• Key figure sets
• Single-dimension sets
• Multi dimension sets

set ID

An ordered group of elements of the same type.

FI-LC employs sets for numerous areas, such as data input, currency translation, intercompany eliminations, and reports.

The following types of elements can occur:

• Financial statement items
• Transaction types
• Trading partners
• Currencies
• Years of acquisition

set variable

The placeholder for a set.

The variable can be changed when a program that uses the variable is executed.

Set variables can be used in multi-dimension sets or in the definition of a Report Writer report.

settlement

The process by which a clearing house receives a request for payment from a merchant (retailer), then reimburses that merchant for cleared payment card transactions, minus fee.

settlement

The full or partial allocation of calculated costs from one object to another.

The following objects can be settlement senders:

• Internal orders
• Maintenance orders
• CO production orders
• Production orders
• Process orders
• Service orders
• General cost objects
• Sales order items
• Networks
• Projects

The following objects can be settlement receivers:

• Assets
• Internal orders
• Profitability segments
• Cost centers
• Sales order items
• Materials
• Networks
• Projects
• G/L accounts

settlement assignment

A tool used to define the assignment of a cost element or cost element group in which costs arise to a settlement cost element.

The settlement assignment is part of a settlement structure.

settlement calendar

A calendar in which validity periods for conditions and planned settlement dates are stored.

The due date for settlement between the parties to a rebate arrangement is the last day of a validity period.

Example

The validity period January 1 to April 30 is agreed for a condition (a volume-based rebate for example). Settlement with regard to this condition is to be effected at the end of each month. Final settlement is due on April 30.

settlement cost element

A cost element with which costs are allocated from one object to another.

settlement document

The document type required for settlements and for the reversal of settlements.

settlement form

The settlement parameter of an order or project item.

This item specifies how the costs that are to be settled are determined:

• From the cost segments (totals settlement)
• From the line items (line item settlement)

settlement parameter

The control data required for order settlement.

The settlement parameters consist of the following:

• Processing group
• Settlement cost element
• Settlement receiver

settlement profile

A requirement for creating a settlement rule.

You define the following parameters in the settlement profile:

• Allowed settlement receivers (such as cost center or asset)
• Default values for the settlement structure and the PA transfer structure
• Allocation bases for defining the settlement shares (using percentages or equivalence numbers - or both)
• Maximum number of distribution rules
• Residence period of the settlement documents
• Document type for settlements relevant to accounting (more specifically, to the balance sheet)
• Definitions for the settlement of actual costs or the cost of sales

settlement receiver

An object to which costs are allocated during the settlement procedure.

settlement rule

Rule that determines which portions of a sender's costs are allocated to which receivers.

A settlement rule contains distribution rules, one or more of which are assigned to each sender. In most cases, there will be one distribution rule for each receiver.

settlement run

A procedure in which payment request data is generated and sent to a clearing house.

settlement run number

A number assigned to a job run that generates payment request data to send to a merchant bank or clearing house.

This number is used for identification and tracking.

settlement share

The settlement share specifies the share (expressed as either a percentage rate or an equivalence number) of the sender object costs distributed to each receiver.

Example

The costs for a sender object are 40% distributed in one instance, and in five parts in another (equivalence number = 5). The settlement share is:

• 40% for the percentage settlement
• 5 shares of the total costs for the proportional settlement

settlement structure

A settlement of the costs incurred on a sender to different receivers according to cost element or cost element group.

The settlement assignment defines the assignment of the cost element group to a settlement cost element. A settlement structure contains a number of such settlement assignments.

A settlement structure must fulfill the following requirements:

• Completeness -

To ensure proper settlement, a settlement structure must include all cost elements under which costs are incurred.

• Uniqueness -

A given cost element must occur only once within a settlement structure.

settlement type

The following settlement types are defined in the SAP System:

• Periodic settlement (PER) -

Settles costs by period. It only includes the costs of the settlement period.

• Full settlement (FUL) -

Settles all costs on a sender object that were incurred up to the period of settlement.

• Capitalization of assets under construction (AUC) -

Settles capital investment measures to assets under construction by period. The SAP System generates this settlement type.

• Preliminary settlement (PRE) -

Settles debits posted on capital investment measures to CO receivers before periodic settlement to assets under construction.

• Line item settlement for assets under construction (LIS) -

Enables line item settlement of assets under construction for which line item management has been defined. The SAP System sets this settlement type (not for capital investment measures).

shipment

A grouping of goods at a transportation planning point, which have been transported together from the respective points of departure.

This is the basis for planning, implementation and surveillance of physical shipments.

shipper's export declaration

A form used to list commodities including quantities, weight, packaging,and value that are exported to another country.

It includes information on the point of origin, consignee, forwarding agent, loading pier, date of exportation, bill of lading number, mode of transport, port of export, and all otherinformation for the export shipment.

This form is required in duplicate by the US government for all export shipments unless they are:

• Valued at US$ 2,500 or less
• Shipments to Canada

shipper's letter of instructions

A letter on a company letterhead that provides the freight forwarder with order information pertinent for a shipment.

This set of instructions on how to make an export declaration varies from exporter to exporter.

shipping condition

A shipping strategy for delivery.

If the shipping condition states, for example, that the goods must reach the customer as soon as possible, the system proposes the fastest shipping point and route.

shipping instructions

The instructions issued to a vendor regarding the shipment or packing of ordered goods.

shipping point

An organizational unit in Logistics that performs shipping processing.

The shipping point is the part of the company responsible for the type of shipping, the necessary shipping materials and the means of transport.

Example

Shipping points are a company mail depot or plant rail station.

ship-to party

A person or company that receives goods.

The ship-to party may not necessarily be the sold-to party, the bill-to party, or the payer.

shopfloor complaint lot

Part of a goods receipt quantity that manifests quality defects during production on the shopfloor and which is the subject of complaint and/ or is rejected for this reason.

shortened fiscal year

A shortened fiscal year arises following a shift in the end of the fiscal year.

The shortened fiscal year covers the period between the end of the last fiscal year in the old cycle and the beginning of the next fiscal year in the new cycle. For example, if your old fiscal year runs from October 1 1997 to September 30 1998 and you want the new fiscal year to begin on January 1 1999, you would set up a shortened fiscal year for the period October 1 1998 to December 31 1998.

shutdown

The temporary removal of a fixed asset from service.

You can shut down an asset temporarily using an indicator in the asset master record.

During the shutdown period no depreciation is calculated.

simplification of elimination

A simplification often occurs when eliminating intercompany (IC) revenue and expense.

By contrast, the elimination of IC payables and receivables involves only a few balance sheet items - the reported consolidation data is therefore reconciled very accurately.

However, the elimination of IC revenue and expense can involve many more items in the income statement. To simplify these eliminations, you can perform one-sided eliminations. That is, the elimination is based on the data of only one company, instead of two.

Example

• The cost of sales for companies A and B is eliminated, each on the basis of the sales of the other company.
• There are no elimination differences.

simplified declaration procedure

A process in which an exporter enters only necessary information in the declaration and submits it to customs authorities.

At the end of the month, the necessary details are included in a combined declaration and sent to the main customs office.

simulation costing

The simulation costing function costs the changed single-level or multilevel assemblies within the structure modified products.

simultaneous consolidation

A consolidation procedure that processes all of the investments in the subgroup in a single step as well as the resulting minority interest, when consolidating a specific investee company.

This procedure is marked by the calculation of the differential from the consolidation of investments, which is the difference between the investments of the immediate parent company and the group's portion of the the investee's shareholders' equity.

Simultaneous consolidation is beneficial for complex investment structures, especially non hierarchical ones, and provides accurate analyses of the ownerships.

simultaneous costing

A process that assigns to a cost object the actual costs incurred to date for that cost object.

single administrative document

A customs declaration required for the transfer of commodities in a customs procedure and reexportation.

Regulations require the use of a single administrative document.

single sourcing

The procurement of a material from just one vendor (due to a technological advantage this vendor has over vendors, for example).

single-dimension set

A set that contains basic sets and other single-dimension sets that use the same dimension (table field).

Single-dimension sets are used to create hierarchies of data.

single-segment planning

A tool with which, in single-segment planning in Profitability Analysis, you can plan values for a single profitability segment.

Value fields are displayed in the rows of the planning screen and various time periods can be displayed in the columns.

SIREN number

An identification number, in France, assigned to legal persons, and natural persons engaged in commercial activities.

You are assigned a SIREN number when you enter your business in the commercial register (SIRENE) kept by the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE).

SIRET number

An identification number, in France, assigned to each individul plant or site belonging to a business.

Each site has its own SIRET number. The number consists of the business's SIREN number plus a number that identifies the site.

small-scale industry

The businesses that, in India, qualify for reduced rates of excise duty.

Businesses qualify as SSIs if, for example, they have less than two premises and a sales volume not exceeding an amount specified by the government.

smart card

A form of payment similar to the debit card but the smart card has credit information in a microchip on the card.

The credit can be paid in advance and the amount saved on the card is read and updated by a card-reading machine.

smoothing factor

A value enabling the user to determine the extent to which a current (new) value used in a calculation influences the result.

The smoothing factor can have a value between 0 und 1.

A high smoothing factor causes the result to be changed significantly, whereas a low one makes little difference.

A smoothing factor is used in vendor evaluation, for example, when a new individual score for on-time delivery performance awarded to a vendor in respect of a goods receipt is included in the previously valid overall score for this criterion.

Because the previous overall score represents the scores from a number of goods receipts whereas the score for the most recent goods receipt is merely an individual score, the influence of the new goods receipt in the calculation of the new overall score is small (that is, it is smoothed).

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Transactions

A system used to transfer letters of credit from bank to bank internationally.

sold-to party

A person or company that places an order for goods or services.

The sold-to party can perform the functions of the payer, bill-to party, or ship-to party.

sole sourcing

The procurement of a material from just one vendor because the latter has a monopoly of the market.

sort strategy

A procedure with which either the last or the lowest price can be determined as the market price within the relevant time interval.

sort version

A means of defining groups and group totals in asset reports.

All fields of the asset master record can be used as group or sort criteria (or both) for defining a sort version. You enter the sort version key when starting a report.

source determination

The process of finding sources of supply for a material or group of materials.

source document

An original document in paper form.

source list

A list of available sources of supply for a material, indicating the periods during which procurement from such sources is possible.

The source list lets you determine the source that is valid (effective) at a certain time.

source list record

A list of available sources of supply for a material, indicating the periods during which procurement from such sources is possible.

Every source of supply is stored in a source list record, together with its validity period.

The source list record uniquely identifies the source of supply, that is, in the SAP system, a vendor, an internal plant, or an outline agreement item, and facilitates determination of the applicable source for a purchase requisition at a certain time.

source of supply

A procurement option for a material.

A source of supply can be an external source (vendor) or an internal one (for example, an enterprise's own plant).

The system can determine the preferred source at any time on the basis of quota arrangements, source list records, outline agreements (long-term purchase arrangements), or info records defined for the material.

source structure

A source structure contains debit cost elements that are settled according to the same apportionment rules.

In joint production, for example, this enables you to apportion different material components to the output materials according to different equivalences.

special asset for gain/loss posting

An asset master record for the sole purpose of collecting gain and loss resulting from asset retirements.

This master record does not reflect an actual fixed asset.

special depreciation

The depreciation for tax reasons that is allowed in addition to ordinary depreciation.

Typically, this form of depreciation allows depreciation by percentage within a tax concession period, without taking into account the actual wear and tear on the asset.

special excise duty

A form of excise duty in India on a limited number of goods, mostly luxury goods, including pan masala, sparkling waters, furs, and yachts.

special G/L account

A reconciliation account for special business transactions in the sub-ledger that should not be balanced with receivables and payables from goods and services.

An example of this is a down payment.

special G/L indicator

An indicator that identifies a special G/L transaction.

Special G/L transactions include down payments and bills of exchange.

special G/L transaction

The special transactions in accounts receivable and accounts payable that are shown separately in the general ledger and sub-ledger.

They include:

• Bills of exchange
• Down payments
• Guarantees

special items with reserve

The items on the liabilities side of the balance sheet that occur as a result of using special tax depreciation.

In many countries, you are permitted to use tax valuations in the balance sheet. However, for the origin of values to be clear to the person reading the balance sheet, book depreciation is shown on the assets side of the balance sheet, and the tax depreciation that exceeds it is shown as a special item on the liabilities side of the balance sheet.

As a result of the tax deferral effect, these special items have the character of equity, and can therefore be interpreted as special reserves on the liabilities side.

special period

A posting period used to divide the last regular posting period for closing operations.

A maximum of twelve posting periods and four special periods make up a fiscal year.

special processing indicator

An indicator that a particular form of processing is used for transportation or a special form of calculation is used for freight costs.

Examples of special processing are express shipping or special tariffs.

Special Purpose Ledger

An application used for customer-defined ledgers, which contain information for reporting purposes.

The customer-defined ledger can be used as the general ledger or as a subledger and may contain the account assignments desired. The account assignments can be either SAP dimensions from various applications or customer-defined dimensions.

Example

SAP dimension: account, business area, profit center

Customer defined dimension: region

special stock

Stock of materials that must be managed separately for reasons of ownership or location. An example is consignment stock from vendors.

special stock indicator

An indicator denoting a type of special stock of material.

The indicator can have the following values:

• "K" for vendor consignment stock
• "O" for stock of material provided to vendor
• "W" for consignment stock with customer
• "E" for sales order stock
• "Q" for project stock
• "V" for returnable packaging stock with customer
• "M" for returnable transport packaging
• "P" for pipeline material

special text variable

A type of text variable that provides information from master data files associated with characteristics used in a report.

specific inflation gain or loss

An expense or revenue, in inflation accounting, that arises when you adjust an item using a specific inflation index.

specific inflation index

An inflation index that reflects the change in the price of a particular commodity or goods, for example, gold, as opposed to the general inflation index.

In inflation accounting, some governments may require some goods to be adjusted using a specific index instead of the general index.

specific tax rate

The taxation of goods (or other transactions) not as a percentage of their value, but according to some physical characteristic such as weight or size, or just per unit.

Example

One example is beer tax in Germany, which is levied at 78.7 cents per degree Plato per hectoliter. Another example is tea in India, which is subject to excise duty at INR 2 per kilogram.

split revaluation of depreciation

A distinction in Inflation Accounting.

Split revaluation of depreciation is made between the following:

• The revaluation of the current month's depreciation amount

This is debited to a depreciation expense account and credited to an accumulated depreciation account.

• The revaluation of the depreciation amounts already posted in the current year

This is debited to an inflation gain or loss account and credited to an accumulated depreciation account.

The same accumulated depreciation account can be used for both, but only the current month's depreciation can be expensed.

This procedure is required in a number of different countries.

split valuation

An option that lets you manage stocks of a single material in a plant in different stock accounts in terms of value. You can valuate different stocks of the same material separately.

Example

Some stocks of a material can be procured externally. Others are produced internally. Using split valuation, you can assign your "bought-out" stocks and your "made-in" stocks to different accounts and valuate the "bought-out" stocks at different prices to the "made-in" stocks. Such stocks can be subject to different price controls.

spot rate method of currency translation

A method of currency translation.

This method distinguishes between the "straight spot-rate method" and the "modified spot-rate method":

• Straight spot-rate method -

All the balance sheet and income statement item amounts in foreign currency are translated into group currency on the closing reporting date using the exchange rate valid on that date.

Since this a straight translation of values from one currency to another, there are no currency translation differences.

Because of the uniform translation using the spot (current) exchange rate, the structures of the balance sheets and income statements of the consolidated individual statements remain unchanged.

• Modified spot-rate method -

There are several forms of the modified spot-rate method.

The most recommended modified method is where the income statement is viewed as a time period statement and is not translated using the spot rate but rather using the rate valid at the time the transaction took place or, to simplify things, an average rate on a yearly, quarterly or monthly basis.

Another modified method involves the translation of equity values.

Instead of the spot rate, a historical rate can be proposed to prevent, among other things, the translation from affecting the consolidation of investments.

spread

The fixed difference between the spot rate and the buy rate or between the spot rate and the offer rate.

staging area

An organizational unit on a hierarchical level below a warehouse.

Staging areas are used for the intermediate storage of goods in the warehouse. They are near the relevant doors. Each staging area can be defined for more than one purpose:

• Goods receipt

for the temporary storage of unloaded goods until they are physically received

• Goods issue

for the temporary storage of picked goods until they are physically loaded

standard cost

A cost that is based on an activity unit and that remains stable over a relatively long period of time.

The standard cost of a material can remain stable for a year. It is essentially a norm that should not be exceeded.

standard cost estimate

A material cost estimate used to calculate the standard price in the material master record.

The cost estimate must be executed with a costing variant that updates the material master, and the cost estimate must be released.

standard cost estimate

The most important type of cost estimate in material costing.

Forms the basis for profit planning or product costing where the focus is on determining the variances.

Typicall, a standard cost estimate is created for each product at the beginning of the fiscal year or new season.

Standard cost estimates establish standard prices for semifinished products and finished products. The costs calculated in standard cost estimates are used to valuate materials with standard price control.

standard hierarchy

A tree structure containing all the cost centers in a controlling area from the Controlling standpoint.

You assign a cost center to an end node of the standard hierarchy in the master data maintenance of the cost center, or in the enterprise organization. This ensures that the standard hierarchy contains all the cost centers in that controlling area.

When you define the controlling area, you specify the name of the top node of the standard hierarchy in that controlling area.

standard hierarchy

A tree structure for organizing the business processes belonging to a controlling area from the Controlling standpoint.

A business process is assigned to an end node of the standard hierarchy during master data maintenance of the business process. This ensures that the standard hierarchy contains all business processes in the controlling area.

When you create a controlling area, you specify the name of the highest node of the standard hierarchy in that controlling area.

standard layout

The parameters that determine the layout features of a report.

A standard layout provides default values for parameters, which can be overwritten in the report.

Example

Standard layout parameters can include:

• General format parameters (page length, page width)
• Row total parameters
• Row text parameters
• Column total parameters
• Column text parameters
• Language-dependent parameters

standard planning layout

A planning layout predefined by SAP and differentiated according to planning areas.

standard price

A constant price at which a material is valuated without taking goods movements and invoices into account.

standard price procedure

A procedure for material valuation.

In the standard price procedure, all quantity movements are valuated at the valuation price in the material master record.

Price variances at the time of goods or invoice receipt are posted through the price difference accounts.

standard report

The standard reports arrange group or company data in table or list form.

The following are examples of standard reports:

• Balance sheet or income statement with year or version comparison
• Changes in balance sheet or income statement
• Asset history sheet, reserve report
• Sales revenue by region or profit center

The layout and content of a standard report are user definable but must be fully specified before or when a report is called up.

Standard reports can be created on screen, as a print-out, or as an automatic extract.

A more dynamic analysis of Consolidation data can be achieved using on-screen Interactive Reporting.

standard service catalog

A general, standardized catalog of text modules used to describe services.

The standard service catalog (SSC) is one way of storing service descriptions as master data without redundancy.

Frequently used parts of service descriptions are stored in standard service catalogs as text modules. The complete description of a service is compiled from different text modules. A maximum of six modules can be used.

Each text module has a number. The standard service catalog number, (SSC number), uniquely defining a service, is made up of the numbers of the individual text modules.

SSC numbers can be used for creating service specifications in purchasing documents.

Standard service catalogs can be divided into service types for particular trades or groups of activities (for example, masonry work, maintenance or servicing, or cleaning services).

An SSC number contains the numbers of the service type and of the standard service catalog edition. The complete number comprises the following elements:

• Number of the service type
• Number of the edition and numbers of the text modules necessary to completely describe the service.

standard service number

A key identifying a certain external service.

Frequently used parts of service descriptions are stored in standard service catalogs (SSCs) as individual text modules, each of which has a separate number.

A standard service number is a standard service catalog number (SSC number), comprising the year of issue (edition year) of the standard service catalog, the service type, and the numbers of the text modules required to describe the service completely. A maximum of six text modules can be used.

SSC numbers facilitate the speedy compilation of service specifications in purchasing documents.

standard text variable

A type of text variable that can be entered directly for report text.

The SAP System calculates the value for the variable based on current system records.

Example

• Author of report
• Date of report creation
• Time of report creation

standard valuation

The

valuation of the individual financial statements of all group companies according to standard valuation criteria specified by corporate policy.

This is achieved by posting standardizing entries to the individual financial statements of group companies, either decentrally in the accounting systems of the group companies or centrally in the Consolidation system.

standardizing entry

A journal entry made to the financial data of companies being consolidated, to bring this data into line with corporate standards.

Standardizing entries can be made locally by the individual subsidiaries, but the standardizing entries required from the group point of view are not known to the subsidiary, and are therefore made only in the Consolidation system.

If the subsidiary reports its data in local currency, then the standardizing entry is also made in local currency.

The individual financial statement data and standardizing entries for the subsidiary are then translated into group currency during currency translation.

In FI-LC, standardizing entries are stored separately from the reported financial statement data in special data records. This enables you to analyze each type of data separately.

Entries that post to both the balance sheet and income statement can cause an adjustment to net income that is calculated automatically in the Consolidation system. This can lead to the allocation of deferred taxes.

state tax number

A tax number, in Brazil, issued by the state tax authorities.

The state tax number, known as inscrição estadual in Brazil, must be included on all notas fiscais issued by companies whose operations are subject to ICMS.

statistical company

A company that is established to accept specific types of entries - for example, non group payables or receivables.

It is used during the breakdown of a financial statement item by trading partners.

In this case, a partial breakdown can occur, whereby the value of the financial statement is split into parts that can be assigned to different trading partners and the remainder is assigned to the statistical company.

A statistical company should not be assigned to a subgroup.

statistical key figure

The statistical values describing:

• Cost centers
• Orders
• Business processes
• Profit centers

There are the following types of statistical key figures:

• Fixed value - Fixed values are carried forward from the current posting period to all subsequent periods.
• Total value -

Totals values are posted in the current posting period only.

statistical key figure group

An organizational unit that groups statistical key figures that are that are to be processed in one step.

statistical line item

A document item that is not relevant to the General Ledger and is kept in the contract accounts receivable and payable as a marker.

These items do not change posting totals for reconciliation keys and therefore do not affect the transaction figures in the General Ledger. Statistical line items can be processed by the payment program and the dunning program.

Example

Down payment request, budget billing request, statistical late payment fee

statistical order

The statistical orders are not charged with costs in the normal sense.

The costs posted to them are for information purposes only and cannot be settled. Every order in Controlling can be used as a statistical order.

statistical posting

The posting of a special G/L transaction where the offsetting entry is made to a specified clearing account automatically (for example, received guarantees of payment).

Statistical postings create statistical line items only.

statistical value

A net domestic value (fair market value) of a product when it crosses a border.

Fair market value is the price the product is sold at in the manufacturer's domestic market. This value is needed for each exported or imported item for intra-European Union trade statistics (INTRASTAT) declarations. It is used as for foreign trade statistics.

status group

A grouping of statuses such as delivery status, billing status, or pricing status for determining the status messages that appear in the incompletion log.

status number

A statement of the order of the user statuses in a status profile.

Statuses can be set in ascending order according to their status number.

An object (such as an order or project) can have more than one status active at any one time. However, only one of these statuses can have a status number. If you set a new status with a status number, it deactivates the previous status. This is allowed only in certain circumstances.

step acquisition

The acquisition by an investor of the stock of a company in addition to the stock already held by this investor.

The stock is acquired from a third party (that is, a company outside the group).

This transaction leads to an increase in the investment.

If, however, the stock is acquired from another company within the group, this is known as a transfer.

step consolidation

A consolidation procedure that consolidates the individual trading partners one level at a time, moving upwards in the hierarchy of a multi-level group.

The companies lowest in the hierarchy are consolidated first. The resulting individual financial statements are then used for consolidation on the next hierarchical level.

stochastic blocking

A procedure for checking incoming invoices.

In stochastic blocking, the system blocks invoices for payment on a random basis. The higher the invoice value, the higher the probability of it being stochastically blocked.

stock

A Materials Management term for part of an enterprise's current assets.

It refers to the quantities of raw materials, operating supplies, semifinished products, finished products, and trading goods or merchandise in a company's storage facilities.

stock determination

A cross-application function enabling you to determine the stock from which material is withdrawn for stock removal, order picking, and staging operations.

This function supports the batch determination process and stock removal strategies of the Warehouse Management component (LE-WM).

stock determination group

In conjunction with the stock determination rule, a unique key at plant level for a strategy in the stock determination process.

stock determination rule

In conjunction with the stock determination group, a unique key at plant level for a strategy in the stock determination process.

stock determination strategy

A combination of stock determination rule and stock determination group which, with predefined settings, is designed to facilitate the automatic withdrawal of materials.

The stock determination strategy is uniquely defined at plant level.

The stock determination group is linked directly to the material through assignment in the material master record. In contrast, the stock determination rule is defined in the calling application (e.g. Inventory Management or production orders). It is thus possible to use different withdrawal strategies depending on the material and the calling application.

stock in transfer

Quantity of a material which, in a physical stock transfer using the two-step procedure, has already been taken out of stock at the point of issue but has not arrived at the point of receipt.

Stock in transfer is part of valuated stock at the point of receipt, but cannot be labeled "unrestricted-use."

Stock in transfer comprises the quantity transferred through transfer postings within Inventory Management but does not include the quantity transferred on the basis of stock transport orders. The latter type of stock is called "stock in transit."

stock in transit

Quantity of a material that has been withdrawn from storage at the issuing plant on the basis of a stock transport order, but has not yet arrived at the receiving plant.

Stock in transit is included in the valuated stock of the receiving plant, but is not "unrestricted-use" stock. Outside SAP, stock in transit may be referred to as "intransit inventory."

stock list

A list showing the total quantity and value of the stock of one or more materials at plant and storage location levels.

For materials managed in batches, you can display the stock of each batch. In the case of consignment materials, you can display the stock figure for each vendor.

stock management level

The total of all stock management units that have the following in common:

• In Inventory Management, plant, storage location, material type, and stock type
• In Warehouse Management, warehouse number and storage type

Stock management units are assigned to a sample-based physical inventory through stock management levels.

stock management unit

In the SAP R/3 sample-based physical inventory, a part of a stock of material which cannot be further subdivided and for which a separate book inventory exists.

The physical inventory process is carried out on the basis of stock management units. Each stock management unit of a material is counted separately and differences identified through the physical inventory process are posted for each such stock management unit.

Example of a stock management unit:

The stock of a material in quality inspection at a storage location is a stock management unit.

stock material

A material that is constantly in stock (for example, a raw material).

A stock material has a master record and is managed on a value basis in a material stock account.

stock of material provided to vendor

Stock that is made available to the vendor (subcontractor) and stored on the vendor's premises but remains the property of your enterprise.

It can be used only for subcontracting work based on subcontract orders.

stock overview

An overview of the stocks of a particular material across all organizational levels (for example, plant and storage location).

The different display versions of a stock overview vary according to the different stock types and their order of listing.

stock population

The total of all stock management units covered by a sample-based physical inventory.

The stock population is subdivided into the sampling area and the complete-count area.

stock transfer

The removal of materials from storage at one location, and their placement in storage at another.

Stock transfers can occur within a single plant or between plants. The removal of stock from storage at the first location and its placement in storage at another can be posted in SAP R/3 in one step (one-step procedure) or in two (two-step procedure).

stock transport order

A purchase order used to request or instruct a plant to transport material from one plant to another (that is, to effect a long distance physical stock transfer) within the same corporate enterprise.

The stock transport order allows delivery costs incurred as a result of the stock transfer to be charged to the material transported.

stock transport scheduling agreement

A scheduling agreement used to request or instruct a plant to transport material from one plant to another (that is, to effect a long distance physical stock transfer) within the same enterprise.

The stock transport scheduling agreement allows delivery costs incurred as a result of the stock transfer to be charged to the material transported.

stock type

A means of subdividing storage location stock or special stock.

The stock type gives an indication of a material's usability.

The storage location stock and special stocks on hand on an enterprise's own premises are divided into the following types:

• Unrestricted-use stock
• Stock in quality inspection
• Blocked stock

Special stocks at vendors' or customers' sites are divided into the following types:

• Unrestricted-use stock
• Stock in quality inspection

If batch status management is active, a further stock type is supported: "restricted-use stock".

The stock type is of relevance in determining available stock in Material Requirements Planning, and for material withdrawals and the physical inventory process in Inventory Management.

stock value

The value of the total quantity of an enterprise's own material stocked under a certain material number.

Example

Stock value for:

• A plant
• A company code
• A valuation type
• A storage location

stockkeeping unit

The unit of measure in which the stocks of a material are managed.

The system converts all quantities entered with a different unit of measure into the stockkeeping unit.

The "stockkeeping unit" is an SAP Inventory Management term. It corresponds to the "base unit of measure" used in other applications.

stopover

A destination other than the main destination, with regard to a business trip or off-site work.

storage location selection list

A list of the storage locations at which a material is stored.

In the case of a goods issue, for example, the storage location selection list provides you with a choice of storage locations from which to withdraw a material.

storage location stock

A period-specific quantity of a material at a storage location, differentiated according to stock type.

straight-line depreciation from APC

A uniform distribution of the acquisition and production costs of a fixed asset over its entire useful life.

The periodic depreciation amounts are equal to the acquisition and production costs divided by the entire useful life.

If there are subsequent acquisitions to the asset, the depreciation amounts increase by the amount of the subsequent acquisition divided by the original useful life.

The actual depreciation period (the period up to the point when the book value reaches zero) must be increased if there are subsequent acquisitions.

straight-line depreciation from net book value

An even distribution of the asset book value over the remaining useful life.

The depreciation amounts equal the quotient from current book value and the remaining useful life.

The current book value is distributed over the remaining useful life.

The straight-line distribution of the net book value ensures that the asset is completely written off during the planned useful life, even if there are subsequent acquisitions in later years.

This ensures that the book value of zero or the memo value is reached at the end of the planned useful life.

stratification

A process during inventory sampling.

In the stratification process, the sampling area is divided into strata, each with small value dispersion.

Random selection and extrapolation are performed separately for each stratum.

subannual consolidation

The consolidation that does not include all the periods in a year and takes place at least twice a year.

Users can define the frequency of consolidation and the periods to be included.

Examples:

• Monthly consolidation
• Quarterly consolidation
• Semi-annual consolidation

subcontract order

An instruction to a supplier (subcontractor) to manufacture an ordered part, material or assembly using specified "materials to be provided" (free-issue materials).

A subcontract order contains a maximum of one order item for the ordered material, service, or work, and one or more "material to be provided" items for materials that the orderer makes available to the subcontractor, without charge, for processing.

subcontracting

The processing, by an external supplier, of materials provided by a customer.

The result of this processing is the manufacture by the supplier (subcontractor) of an ordered material or product, or performance by the supplier of an ordered service.

Subcontracting is therefore a form of outsourcing.

subcontracting challan

A document, in India, that you use to track components sent to subcontractors for excise.

You are liable for excise duty on excisable materials that leave your premises. An exception is made for materials that you send to subcontractors if they process the materials and return them to you as an end product.

The subcontracting challan is a record of all excisable materials that you issue. When the subcontractor returns the end product, you reconcile it against the challan. If the materials cannot be accounted for, you are liable for excise duty on them.

subcontracting component

A material made available by a customer to a subcontractor to enable the latter to execute an order placed with him by the customer.

Also known as "free-issue" material (UK).

subcontractor

In the SAP system, an external supplier who performs certain work or manufactures a certain material or product for a customer using materials provided by the customer for this purpose.

subcontractors gross payment voucher

A form that you have to fill out when you make a payment to a subcontractor in possession of a subcontractors tax certificate, under the terms of the UK Construction Industry Scheme.

The form, which goes by the number CIS24, shows the details of the payment.

You retain one copy for yourself, send one to the subcontractor, and one to the Inland Revenue.

subcontractors tax certificate

A certificate, in the United Kingdom, that the Inland Revenue issues to builders and construction companies under the terms of the Construction Industry Scheme.

Indivdual builders and companies can qualify for a certificate if they meet certain conditions, for example, if they have earned above GBP 30,000 per head for at least three of the last four years prior to applying for the certificate.

The certificate, which is also known as a CIS6 certificate, is proof that the company has registered as a subcontractor with the Inland Revenue. You do not withhold any tax on payments to holders of these certificates.

subcontractors tax certificate number

The number appearing on a subcontractors tax certificate, in the United Kingdom, which serves to identify the subcontractor with the Inland Revenue.

subcriterion

In the vendor evaluation system, a component of a main criterion.

For example, the subcriteria "price level" and "price history" together constitute the main criterion "price." That is to say, the score for the main criterion "price" is derived from the scores for these two subcriteria.

Users can define subcriteria and apply different weights to them.

subenvironment

A group of functions that are assigned to an environment and located at a lower level than the main environment.

Subenvironments group functions by theme. They are provided in the standard system.

A subenvironment can be assigned to different environments. When you assign a function to a subenvironment, it is also made available in all main environments containing that subenvironment. When you define a template, however, only the environment can be specified, and not the subenvironment.

subgroup

A consolidated entity is called a subgroup if its consolidation units represent companies.

subgroup-consolidating entry

A subgroup-consolidating entry is one made to eliminate a parent's investment against the equity of an investee.

The journal entries that accomplish the consolidation are typically:

• Consolidation of investments
• Reclassifications on a group level

subitem

An item in a sales document that refers to a higher-level item.

For example, services and free goods can be entered as subitems of main items.

subitem

The items that arise when a line item is partially cleared.

The two types of subitems are:

• cleared
• open

subledger accounting

The accounting at the subsidiary ledger level, such as

• Customer
• Vendor
• Asset

Subledgers give more details on the postings made to the reconciliation accounts in the general ledger.

subsequent allocation

The valuation of internal activities at actual activity prices.

This enables you to determine the actual cost of the activities produced. All functions of actual costing are available (such as final costing).

subsequent calculation of value

A procedure for the deferred valuation of goods movements, in which onlythe stock quantities of the materials are updated at the time the movement is posted.

The values are not recorded at this time, the associated accounting documents not being generated until later.

subsequent consolidation

The consolidation of investments activity that can occur for the first time in the period of first consolidation for any internal trading partner.

It is not affected by any changes in investments of immediate investors.

When applying the purchase method or proportional consolidation, the activity includes the amortization of goodwill and eliminated hidden reserves (fair value adjustments), and the adjustment of minority interests to account for changes in investee equity.

When applying the equity method, the activity primarily updates the immediate investors' equity in earnings of affiliates, as with the changes of the proportional equity of the company consolidated using the equity method.

An exception to the above definition is that it is also customary to refer to all consolidations that follow the first consolidation as subsequent consolidations.

subsequent credit

A reduction in amounts debited in respect of posted business transactions.

Example

You received a credit memo for delivered goods. Previously charged freight costs are to be credited. The quantity in the original credit memo remains unchanged.

subsequent debit

The debiting of other costs to one or more business transactions that have been posted.

Example

You received an invoice from your vendor for delivered goods.Freight costs are to be charged. The invoiced quantity remains unchanged.

subsequent delivery free of charge

A sales document, used in complaints processing, for delivering goods to a customer free of charge.

You can create a free of charge delivery if, for example, a customer receives fewer goods than ordered, or if some of the goods are damaged in transit. The system generates a delivery, based on the free of charge delivery.

subsequent random selection

The automatic generation of a new random selection for specific strata.

Due to "stratum changers" (stock management units that are switched from one stratum to another) or large differences during a sample-based physical inventory, it may happen that a random selection is no longer representative. Additional elements must then be randomly selected for counting.

subsequent settlement

A calculation of and accounting for the amounts due in accordance with conditions agreed between a customer and a vendor at the end of an agreed period.

This process can be performed on a once-only or periodic basis.

subsidiary

A company A, a parent company, has a controlling influence over company B, and then company B is known as the subsidiary of company A.

This controlling influence is primarily because the investor (company A) has an investment greater than 50% in the subsidiary (company B).

subsidiary ledger

A ledger that has the purpose of representing business transactions with customers and vendors.

Subledgers in assets accounting are ledgers that represent the development of asset values.

subsidy

A support measure for specific investments provided by government authorities (for example, investment subsidy).

Subsidies can be updated in all depreciation areas by reducing the base amount for depreciation.

However, particularly when several support measures are claimed for one asset, it is useful to set up a separate depreciation area for each subsidy. This is recommended since the amounts claimed have to be displayed separately for each measure.

Substituição Tributária

Tax substitution in Brazil. The system calculates one form of tax substitution, ICMS. Nonetheless, you will only see the term Substituição Tributária in the system, or its common abbreviation Sub. Trib.

Substituição Tributária involves a method of tax collection in which the manufacturer of goods submits ICMS to the fiscal authorities for the tax it incurs when it sells its goods or services to a distributor or retailer, as well as the tax it collects from the distributor or reseller on the presumed resale surcharge.

Typical examples in which Substituição Tributária is applied are gasoline and cigarettes. There are few producers, but many retailers.

substitution

The process of replacing values as they are being entered into the SAP system.

Entered values are checked against a user-defined Boolean statement (this is a prerequisite). If the statement is true, the SAP System replaces the specified values.

Substitution occurs before data is written to the database.

substitution activity

The transfers of substituted data to receiver dimensions during the rollup process.

A substitution activity could be used, for example, to substitute a product group for individual products. When the rollup is executed, the individual products are summarized under the product group.

Substitution activities must be assigned to the relevant field movements in the rollup definition.

substitution exit

A tool used in a substitution to refer to a user-defined ABAP program that is used to substitute specific values.

Substitution exits define more complex substitutions and can substitute more than one value in a substitution.

The prerequisite statement in a substitution must be true before the substitution exit is used.

subtransaction

A key classifying the line item for account determination or for the way application-specific programs are processed (or both).

Main transactions are broken down into subtransactions. The functions performed by the main transaction and subtransactions are defined in the relevant application area (for example utilities) and not in contract accounts receivable or payable.

suffix

A supplementary number assigned to a payment card when there is more than one card for the same cardholder account.

summarization

A method summarizing the data of account assignment objects so that costs can be analyzed at a higher level.

summarization dates

The periods taken into account in order summarization or project summarization.

Period values that fall within these summarization dates and that were calculated in a previous summarization run are reset on the summarization object and recalculated.

Period values that fell outside the summarization dates and that were calculated in a previous summarization run remain on the summarization object if the processing option "No reset" was selected.

summarization hierarchy

The structure that creates alternative hierarchies for any project.

It uses summarization keys constructed in the same way as project hierarchies.

summarization level

A summarization level is a tool for improving performance.

Summarization levels store an original dataset in summarized form. This gives quick access to presummarized data for functions that do not need detailed information, and means that the data does not need to be summarized separately each time.

summarization object

An object containing data calculated during one of the following summarizations:

• Order summarization
• Project summarization
• Summarization of a cost object hierarchy

Example

A summarization object can contain the costs incurred for all orders of a particular order type and cost center.

summarization order

A tool that enables multilevel summarization of orders, using definable criteria.

The SAP System creates a physical summarization order on each node of the summarization hierarchy created in this way.

summarized financial statements

The sum of all the individual financial statements (corporate valuation) that have been through currency translation.

summarized requirements

Material requirements in a plant that have been summarized over a specified period and transferred as a total to materials planning (MRP).

The system creates a line in the requirements/stock overview for each total of summarized requirements. This can be, for example, the total requirements for one day or one week.

The system summarizes according to the following criteria:

• Plant
• Date
• Transaction
• Requirement type and planning type

summary data

A summarized form of posted amounts or quantities used for analysis purposes.

sum-of-the-years-digits method of depreciation

The calculation of depreciation that decreases by the same amount each year.

The asset is depreciated using a mathematical series based on the remaining useful life.

Since this mathematical series is valid only during the useful life of the asset, you cannot depreciate past the end of the useful life using this method.

supplementary account assignment

The extra entries in a line item that is generated automatically.

They are made by the user when entering a document.

supplementation

The manual supplementation during document entry of document line items that were created automatically.

surcharge

An additional tax, in India, levied over and above basic withholding tax.

suspension system

The levying of customs duties or other customs activity for foreign merchandise waived or "suspended" in certain situations.

Examples include the transit procedure, bonded warehouses, conversion, and temporary use of foreign merchandise.

SWIFT code

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

Within the context of international payment transactions, the SWIFT code (standard throughout the world) enables banks to be identified without the need to specify an address or bank number. SWIFT codes are used mainly for automatic payment transactions.

symbolic name

The name entered in a set header or set line that pinpoints the row and column coordinates of a cell or key figure within a report.

Symbolic set line names refer to a value or a set name in a set line. Symbolic set header names refer to all values in a set.