named user

Person whose direct or indirect access to an SAP installation is made possible by a password provided by a customer.

SAP can demand that the customer state the number of external named users and that the customer arrange for signed declarations from every external named user outlining terms of use and nondisclosure agreements. A corporate entity may disclose the access rights of individual employees and of the employees of those organizations conducting business with the corporation or with the corporate subsidiaries.

naming rule

A rule that specifies the characteristics (such as BOM, routing or production version) that determine a quantity structure.

naming structure

Used to update actual data and determine the actual quantity structure in the following functions:

• Mixed costing in the Product Cost Planning component
• Product cost collectors in the Cost Object Controlling component
• Actual costing in the Actual Costing/Material Ledger component

The naming structure determines the assignment of the naming group to the following parameters:

• Process category (such as production, purchasing, subcontracting)
• Naming rule (such as BOM, routing or production version in production, purchasing organization or vendor for purchase orders, BOM or vendor for subcontracting)

NCM code

A classification of goods that is issued by the Brazilian government and used to deterimine the IPI tax rate.

negative goodwill

A credit-side differential that can occur during the consolidation of investments.

Negative goodwill appears in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet.

This occurs when the purchase price of a company acquired is less than the sum of the fair market value (or book value) of the net assets acquired.

Possible causes of negative goodwill are either a lower purchase price because of the poor prospects of the company to be acquired or an annual net income that occurred between the time of acquiring the shares and the first consolidation, but which was not distributed to the shareholders.

negative list

A directory of goods which can only be imported in limited quantities or values.

negative posting

A posting that decreases the transaction figures in the account posted to.

negative stock

A provisional stock situation that occurs if a material is available in stock, but the relevant goods receipts have not been made.

If a material withdrawal is posted before posting the receipts, the stock figure can be temporarily negative.

negotiable document

A document that can be used to claim title to the cargo, as in a "negotiable instrument."

For example, a negotiable truck bill of lading, like an ocean bill of lading issued "to order," constitutes title to the goods.

negotiating bank

A financial institution that arranges for and handles a letter of credit.

net actual cost

The actual cost less the work in process and scrap.

The net actual cost is compared to the target cost to determine production variances and total variances.

net inflation rate

The net increase (or decrease) in prices over a specifc period, expressed as a percentage of the prices at the start of the period.

Example

The inflation index for January is published in accumulated format as 126,420. In June this figure rises to 194,520. Rounded off to two decimal places, this gives a net inflation rate of 53.87% (((194,520/126,420)-1)*100).

net price

Price after taking all vendor surcharges and discounts into account.

net realizable-value method

The method used in joint cost situations to determine the cost of the primary product.

This method calculates the cost of goods manufactured of the primary product by subtracting the cost of the by-products from the total cost of the process.

net target cost

The costs that are used to calculate variances in Product Cost by Period and Product Cost by Order.

They are calculated as follows:

• In Product Cost by Period -

Net target cost = Target cost - Work in process at target cost - Scrap variance

• In Product Cost by Order -

Net target cost = Target cost - Scrap variance

Net target costs can be calculated in all target cost versions that compare target costs to actual costs. In the standard system, these are target cost versions 0, 1, and 3.

net value

A value that the system determines by subtracting discounts from or adding surcharges to the gross value.

net worth tax

A tax legally required for property that is part of fixed assets.

NIB code

A code used in Portugal to identify a bank and a specific account.

An NIB (Número de Identificação Bancário) code corresponds to a bank number, followed by an account number and a control key.

Example

003505770000640390030

NIF number

A tax number, in Portugal, issued to legal persons.

It is also required by natural persons who wish to use a credit card.

In Portuguese, the tax number is known as Número de Identificação Fiscal.

NIP number

A tax number, in Argentina, assigned by the provincial tax authorities to legal persons.

NIT number

A tax number, in Venezuela, assigned to legal and natural persons alike.

NIT number

A tax number, in Colombia, assigned to legal and natural persons alike.

non-Annex I goods

Processed goods of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Community that contain parts or substances contained in Annex I of the EC treaty.

Payment of restitution is also provided for these goods if the agricultural goods concerned have been processed and are contained in processed goods. However, restitution is guaranteed only for those agricultural raw materials that are required for the manufacture of the export goods and have their origin in an EC country.

In contrast to non-Annex I goods, exporters in the EU receive 100% of the restitution rate provided for Annex I goods.

non-calendar fiscal year

A fiscal year that does not correspond exactly to the calendar year.

nonmonetary item

An asset or liability whose value fluctuates according to market conditions and is therefore affected by inflation.

Example

Land, fixed assets, and stock investments are all considered to be nonmonetary items because although their value can be expressed at any given time in any currency, their true value fluctuates according to market conditions.

non-negotiable document

A document that cannot be used to claim title to cargo.

Air waybills are non-negotiable.

nonvaluated project stock

An inventory of materials for processing a project.

The value of this inventory is calculated by results analysis at the end of the period.

nonvaluated sales order stock

An inventory for processing a sales order.

The value of this inventory is determined by results analysis at the end of the period.

non-valuated stock

The stock of a material held and owned by a company that is managed on a quantity basis only.

Non-valuated stock is "available" but can only be withdrawn from the stores or warehouse after it is transferred to "valuated" stock.

normal tax invoice

A tax invoice, in South Korea, issued for a transaction that is subject to VAT.

North American Free Trade Agreement

A trade treaty between the USA, Mexico, and Canada.

This agreement allows special tariff treatment (lower or free duty) when exchanging commodities between these countries. The agreement eliminates tariffs and other trade barriers on approximately 10,000 goods over a period of 15 years beginning in 1994.

not affecting net income

The changes made to the financial statements, particularly as a result of postings or currency translation, are seen as not affecting net income if, the annual net income remains unchanged.

nota fiscal

A legal document that accompanies all goods deliveries in Brazil. It serves as the delivery note and as the invoice, against which the customer makes payment. In addition, it includes all tax-related information, which is later required for financial reporting to the tax authorities.

The plural form of nota fiscal is notas fiscais.

note to payee

The fields on data media that include information on regulated line items relevant for the business partner.

In the SAP system, the number and length of the fields, and their structure and content, are controlled by means of the payment notes.

noted item

A special item that does not affect any account balance.

When you post a noted item, a document is generated. The item can be displayed using the line item display.

Certain noted items are processed by the payment program or dunning program - for example, down payment requests.

numeric material number

A material number consisting only of figures and containing no letters or special characters.